四、动脉 Fourth, arterial
（一）肺循环血管 (A) pulmonary vascular
1． 1. 肺动脉干 Pulmonary trunk
短而粗，起自右心室，在主动脉弓下方分为左、右肺动脉。 Short and thick, from the right ventricle, aortic arch into the bottom left and right pulmonary artery. 在肺动脉干与主动脉弓下缘之间连有动脉韧带，是胎儿时期动脉导管闭锁后的遗迹。 In the pulmonary artery and aortic arch artery ligament attached between the edge, is the remains of the fetal ductus arteriosus after lockout period.
2． 2. 肺静脉 Pulmonary vein
四条，起自肺泡周围毛细血管，终于左心室。 Four, starting from the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, and finally the left ventricle.
（二）体循环动脉 (B) arterial
1． 1. 主动脉 Aortic
主动脉是体循环动脉主干。 The aorta is the main artery circulation. 从左心室出发，先向上后弯曲呈弓形向左后，沿脊柱下降，穿膈的主动脉裂孔入腹腔，在第四腰椎体下缘处分为左、右髂总动脉。 Starting from the left ventricle, the curved arched after先向left after the fall along the spine, through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity, the lower edge of the fourth lumbar punishment for the left and right common iliac artery. 全程共分三段。 A total of three sessions throughout.
(1)升主动脉 (1) of the ascending aorta
在其根部有左、右冠状动脉发出。 At its roots with left and right coronary artery is issued.
(2)主动脉弓 (2) the aortic arch
呈弓状凸向上，凸侧发出三大分支自右至左依次是头臂干、左锁骨下动脉、左颈总动脉。 Arcuate was protruding upward, the convex side of the three branches issuing from right to left is the brachiocephalic, left subclavian artery, the left common carotid artery. 头臂干又分为右锁骨下动脉、右颈总动脉。 Brachiocephalic is divided into the right subclavian artery, right common carotid artery. 左右颈总动脉分布于头颈部。 The total distributed around the carotid artery in the head and neck. 左右锁骨下动脉分布于上肢。 Under the left subclavian artery located in the upper limbs.
(3)降主动脉 (3) the descending aorta
以膈为界又分为胸主动脉和腹主动脉。 To the diaphragm for the sector is divided into the thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta. 胸主动脉和腹主动脉分支供应胸、腹壁和胸腹腔脏器(图9-1)。 Thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta branches supply the chest, abdominal and thoracic cavity organs (Figure 9-1).
主动脉起始行程分段 Aorta travel segment
主动脉，似拐杖 Aorta, like crutches
弯弓穿膈入腹腔 Bow into the abdominal cavity through the diaphragm
四腰椎下分髂总 Under the four lumbar points iliac
全程三段升弓降 Full three paragraphs l bow down
弓上分支头臂干 Bow branch brachiocephalic
左颈左锁头颈上 Lock on the left common carotid and Neck
降部又分胸和腹 Descending thoracic and abdominal divided
分支供应壁和脏 Supply branch wall and dirty
注：头颈上 — 头颈，指头颈部。 Note: The head and neck - neck, fingers and neck. 上，指上肢。 On, referring to the upper limb. 主动脉弓上方的分支头臂干、左颈总动脉、左锁骨下动脉的分支供应头颈部和上肢。 Branch head at the top of the aortic arch arm dry, the left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery branches supply the head and neck and upper limbs.
2． 2. 头颈部的动脉 Head and neck arteries
头颈部的动脉主干是左、右颈总动脉。 Head and neck artery is always left and right carotid arteries.
颈总动脉：左侧直接起自主动脉弓，右侧起自头臂干，行于胸锁关节后方，至气管和喉的外侧上行，在甲状软骨上缘平面分为颈内动脉和颈外动脉。 Carotid artery: starting from the aortic arch on the left directly on the right starting from the brachiocephalic, the line in the rear of the sternoclavicular joint, to the outside of the trachea and larynx upward, on the edge of the thyroid cartilage plane into the internal carotid artery and external carotid artery.
(1)颈内动脉：入颅内。 (1) internal carotid artery: the brain.
(2)颈外动脉：沿胸锁乳突肌深面上行，穿腮腺实质，移行为颞浅动脉和上颌动脉两大终支。 (2) the external carotid artery: sternocleidomastoid deep along the surface line, wearing the parotid parenchyma, shifting behavior superficial temporal artery and the two terminal branches of the maxillary artery.
颈外动脉主要分支有： The main branch of the external carotid artery are:
1)甲状腺上动脉：布于甲状腺和喉。 1) superior thyroid artery: Cloth in the thyroid and larynx.
2)面动脉：绕下颌骨体下缘至面部，经口角、鼻翼外侧达内眦，移行为内眦动脉。 2) facial artery: around the body of the mandible to the lower edge of the face, the mouth, the nose up to the outside of the inner canthus, within the shifting behavior canthus artery.
压迫止血点：头面部出血可在下颌骨体下缘与咬肌前缘交界处进行压迫止血。 Hemostasis point: the head and face bleeding can mandibular body and the lower edge of the front edge of the junction of the masseter muscle were hemostasis.
3)颞浅动脉：经耳屏前方上行，布于颅顶。 3) the superficial temporal artery: The tragus up front, in the parietal cloth.
压迫止血点：颅顶部出血可在耳屏前方压迫止血。 Hemostasis point: Top cranial bleeding can stop bleeding in front of the tragus.
4)上颌动脉：下颌支深面，又分出脑膜中动脉和下牙槽动脉等支。 4) maxillary artery: ramus deep surface, and the separation of the middle meningeal artery and inferior alveolar artery branches.