六、脑和脊髓被膜 Six, the brain and spinal cord envelope
脑和脊髓的外面包被三层膜，由外向内依次为硬膜、蛛网膜、软膜。 Brain and spinal cord were wrapped in three films, from outside to inside were dura, arachnoid, soft film. 起支持和保护作用。 Supportive and protective effect.
（一）硬膜 (A) the dura
1． 1. 硬脊膜 Dural
呈管状包绕脊髓和脊神经根，上端附于枕骨大孔的周缘，下端包裹终丝。 Tubular surrounding the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots, the upper end attached to the periphery of the foramen magnum, the lower end of wire wrapped.
硬膜外腔（隙）：是位于硬脊膜与椎管内面的骨膜之间的腔隙。 Epidural space (gap): It is located in the dura and periosteum lacuna between the inner surface of the spinal canal. 临床硬外麻醉时就是将药物注入此腔。 Clinical epidural anesthesia is injected into the cavity of the drug.
2． 2. 硬脑膜 Dura
分两层。 Divided into two levels. 内层大部分与外层连结紧密，某些部位二层分开,形成管状腔隙称硬脑膜窦。 Inner and outer most closely linked, some parts of the story apart, forming a tube called dural sinus cavities. 内层某些部位折叠形成板状的大脑镰和小脑幕。 Some parts of the inner layer is folded to form a plate falx and tentorium.
(1)硬脑膜窦：内含静脉血,主要有上矢状窦、下矢状窦、横窦、乙状窦、海绵窦等。 (1) dural sinuses: contains blood, mainly in the superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, cavernous sinus and so on.
(2)大脑镰：深入大脑纵裂内。 (2) falx: longitudinal depth within the brain.
(3)小脑幕：深入大脑横裂内。 (3) tentorium: deep within the brain transverse cracking.
（二）蛛网膜 (B) the arachnoid
薄而透明，无血管及神经。 Thin, transparent, non-vascular and nerve.
蛛网膜下腔（隙）：是蛛网膜与软膜之间的腔隙，充满脑脊液。 Subarachnoid space (gap): Yes lacuna between the arachnoid membrane and soft, full of cerebrospinal fluid.
蛛网膜下池：是蛛网膜下腔的某些扩大部分，较大的有小脑延髓池、终池。 Subarachnoid pool: a certain part of the expansion of the subarachnoid space, there is a large cisterna final pool. 终池内含马尾，无脊髓，是腰椎穿刺抽取脑脊液的常用部位。 Final pool containing horsetail, without spinal cord, lumbar puncture is a common site of cerebrospinal fluid extraction.
（三）软膜 (C) the soft membrane
薄而透明，内含丰富的血管。 Thin and transparent, contains a wealth of blood vessels.
1． 1. 软脑膜 Pia
紧贴脑的表面和脑室内面。 Close to the surface of the interior surface of the brain and brain. 在脑室，与室管膜上皮共同形成脉络丛，是产生脑脊液的部位。 In the ventricle, and ependymal together form the choroid plexus epithelium, is to produce CSF site.
2． 2. 软脊膜：紧贴脊髓表面。 Pia mater: close to the surface of the spinal cord.
脑和脊髓被膜 Brain and spinal cord envelope
外硬内软连蛛网 Internal and external hard and soft even cobweb
手术麻醉硬外腔 Epidural anesthesia chamber
网膜下隙脑脊液 Gap cerebrospinal fluid under the retina
终池腰穿髓不伤 Final pool lumbar puncture marrow does not hurt