第二节 Section
前庭蜗器 Vestibulocochlear organ
前庭蜗器又称耳，分为外耳、中耳、内耳。 Vestibulocochlear is also known as ear, into the outer ear, middle ear, inner ear.
一、外耳 First, the external ear
外耳包括耳廓、外耳道、鼓膜。 Including ear pinna, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane.
（一）耳廓 (A) ear
以软骨为支架，外被皮肤。 Cartilage scaffold, outside the skin.
（二）外耳道 (B) the external auditory canal
呈“ S”形，外耳道检查时，需将耳廓向外上方牵拉。 Was "S" shape, ear canal inspection, the need to pull the ear outward at the top.
（三）鼓膜 (C) the eardrum
位于外耳道与中耳之间，呈椭圆形，半透明，向外下方倾斜。 Located between the external auditory canal and middle ear, oval-shaped, translucent, tilt outwards below. 上部为松弛部，下部为紧张部，中央向内凹陷为鼓膜脐，前下有三角形的光锥。 The upper part of the slack portion, the lower part of the tension Department, the Central inward depression for umbo, a triangular cone of light under the former.
鼓膜 Eardrum
鼓膜椭圆半透明 Eardrum oval translucent
心向内凹外下倾 Yearned concave outer declination
上部松弛下紧张 Upper relaxation tense
前下光锥三角形 Before the next light cone triangle
二、中耳 Second, the middle ear
中耳包括鼓室、咽鼓管、乳突小房。 Including the tympanic middle ear, Eustachian tube, mastoid.
（一）鼓室 (A) the tympanic
鼓室位于颞骨内，鼓膜与内耳之间，内含听小骨。 Tympanum located within the temporal bone, between the eardrum and the inner ear, containing the ossicles.
1． 1. 鼓室六壁 Tympanic six wall
(1)上壁：为鼓室盖，经一薄骨板与颅窝相邻。 (1) on the wall: for tympanic cover, adjacent to the posterior fossa through a thin bone plate.
(2)下壁：为颈静脉壁，有薄骨板与颈内静脉相隔。 (2) under the wall: for jugular vein wall, a thin bone plate and the internal jugular vein apart.
(3)前壁：为颈动脉壁，前下有咽鼓管开口。 (3) the front wall: for carotid artery wall, under the former have eustachian tube opening.
(4)后壁：为乳突壁，通乳突小房。 (4) Back: for mastoid wall, through the mastoid.
(5)外侧壁：为鼓膜壁，经鼓膜与外耳相隔。 (5) the lateral wall: wall of the tympanic membrane, the eardrum and ear apart.
(6)内侧壁：为迷路壁，有前庭窗和蜗窗。 (6) inside wall: for lost walls, windows and vestibular cochlear windows.
2． 2. 听小骨 Ossicles
每侧3块，共6块。 Three on each side, a total of six. 分别为锤骨、砧骨、镫骨。 Respectively, malleus, incus, stapes. 连接方式为： Connection for:
鼓膜 — 锤骨 — 砧骨 — 镫骨 — 前庭窗 Tympanic membrane - malleus - incus - stapes - vestibular window
听小骨 Ossicles
（二）咽鼓管 (B) the eustachian tube
前借咽鼓管咽口与鼻咽相通,后通鼓室。 Ago by pharyngeal orifice communicating with the nasopharynx after pass tympanum. 小儿咽鼓管短、平、直，上呼吸道感染易经咽鼓管蔓延至中耳，引起中耳炎。 Children eustachian tube is short, flat, straight, upper respiratory tract infection spread to the middle ear eustachian I Ching, causing otitis media.
三、内耳 Third, the inner ear
内耳位于颞骨岩部内，称迷路。 Located in the inner ear petrous bone, called lost. 包括骨迷路和膜迷路。 Including the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. 骨迷路内含外淋巴，膜迷路内含内淋巴。 Bony labyrinth contains perilymph within the membranous labyrinth containing lymph. 内、外淋巴互不交通。 Inside and outside the lymph and do not traffic.
（一）骨迷路 (A) the bony labyrinth
分为骨前庭、骨半规管、耳蜗。 Vestibule into bone, bone semicircular canals, cochlea.
1． 1. 骨半规管 Bony semicircular canal
为三个半环形互相垂直的小管。 For each of the three semi-circular vertical tubules.
2． 2. 骨前庭 Vestibular bone
半规管与耳蜗之间，外侧壁上有前庭窗和蜗窗。 Between the semicircular canals and cochlea, the outer wall of the vestibular and cochlear windows windows.
3． 3. 耳蜗 Cochlear
形似蜗牛壳，由一条蜗螺旋管环绕蜗轴而成。 Shaped like a snail shell, surrounded by a cochlear spiral modiolus from.
（二）膜迷路 (B) the membranous labyrinth
分为膜半规管、椭圆囊和球囊、蜗管。 Into film semicircular canal, utricle and balloon, cochlear duct.
1． 1. 膜半规管 Film semicircular canal
位于骨半规管内，也分为三个，膨大部称为膜壶腹，内有壶腹嵴是位置觉感受器。 Semicircular canals located in the bone, is also divided into three magnum film called ampulla, there is cristae position sense receptors.
2． 2. 椭圆囊和球囊 Utricle and balloon
位于前庭内,为互相通连的两个膜性囊。 Located in the vestibule, two membranous sac communicating to each other. 内有椭圆囊斑和球囊斑,也是位置觉感受器。 There are spots in the utricle and balloon spots, but also position sense receptors.
3． 3. 蜗管 Cochlear duct
是位于耳蜗内的膜性管，断面呈三角形,上壁为前庭膜，下壁为基底膜，基底膜上有螺旋器，是听觉感受器。 Is located within the cochlea membranous tube, triangular cross section, the upper wall of the vestibular membrane, the lower wall of the basement membrane, a screw on the base film, is auditory receptors.