第十章 Chapter
感官 Sense
第一节 Section
视器 Vision devices
视器又称为眼，包括眼球和眼副器。 Vision devices, also known as the eye, including the eye and eye vice unit.
一、眼球 An eye
（一）眼球壁 (A) wall of the eye
眼球壁由外向内依次是：纤维膜、血管膜、视网膜。 From outside to inside wall of the eye are: fiber membrane, vascular membrane, the retina.
1． 1. 纤维膜 Fiber membrane
厚而坚韧，前1/6为角膜、后5/6为巩膜。 Thick and tough, front 1/6 of the cornea, sclera after 5/6.
(1)角膜：无色透明，有折光作用。 (1) cornea: colorless and transparent, has a refraction effect.
(2)巩膜：呈乳白色，不透明。 (2) sclera: milky white, opaque.
巩膜静脉窦：为角膜巩膜交界处深部的环形小管。 Schlemm: a ring of deep corneal scleral junction of a small tube.
2． 2. 血管膜 Vascular membrane
富含血管和色素，由前向后分为虹膜、睫状体、脉络膜。 Rich in blood vessels and pigment, from front to back into the iris, ciliary body, choroid.
(1)虹膜：圆盘状，中央为瞳孔，周围有瞳孔开大肌和瞳孔括约肌。 (1) Iris: disc-shaped, the center of the pupil, surrounded mydriasis and pupillary sphincter muscle.
(2)睫状体：虹膜后方，为血管膜增厚部分，与晶状体之间有睫状小带相连。 (2) the ciliary body: behind the iris, vascular membrane thickening section, between the lens and ciliary small band connected. 内含睫状肌，收缩时睫状小带放松，舒张时睫状小带拉紧。 Contains the ciliary muscle, the contraction of the ciliary zonules relax, relaxation of the ciliary when small band taut.
(3)脉络膜：睫状体后方，巩膜内面。 (3) the choroid: behind the ciliary body, the inner surface of the sclera.
3． 3. 视网膜 Retinal
位于血管膜内层。 Located on the vascular membrane lining. 主要结构有视神经盘、黄斑和中央凹等。 The main structure of the optic disc, macula and fovea and so on.
(1)视网膜分部 (1) Segment retina
1)视部：衬附于脉络膜内面，具有感光作用。 1) Depending Department: lining attached to the inner surface of the choroid, with a photographic effect.
2)盲部：衬附于虹膜、睫状体内面，无感光作用。 2) Blind Department: lining attached to the iris, ciliary body surface, no photographic effect.
(2)视网膜视部的组织结构 (2) the organizational structure of the Ministry of retinal
1)色素上皮层：内含黑色素。 1) pigment epithelium: contains melanin.
2)神经部：内含三层细胞。 2) nervosa: contains three cells.
①感光细胞：包括视锥细胞和视杆细胞。 ① photoreceptor cells: including cones and rod cells. 视锥细胞感受强光和颜色，视杆细胞感受弱光。 Cones feel light and color, feel weak light rod cells.
②双极细胞：连接视细胞与节细胞。 ② bipolar cells: Connecting the visual cells and ganglion cells.
③节细胞：轴突组成视神经。 ③ ganglion cells: the optic nerve axons.
（二）眼球内容物 (B) the contents of the eye
眼球内容物包括房水、晶状体、玻璃体。 Eyeball contents include aqueous humor, lens, vitreous. 是眼的屈光装置。 Is the refractive apparatus of the eye.
1． 1. 房水 Aqueous humor
(1)产生部位：由睫状体产生。 (1) producing site: produced by the ciliary body.
(2)流通途径：房水→后房→瞳孔→前房→虹膜角膜角→巩膜静脉窦→眼静脉 (2) the flow of ways: room after room of water → → → pupil iridocorneal angle of the anterior chamber → → → ophthalmic vein Schlemm
2． 2. 晶状体 Lens
(1)形态：双面凸 (1) Form: double-sided convex
(2)调节 (2) adjusting
1)视近：睫状肌收缩→睫状小带松弛→晶状体变凸→折光增强 1) near vision: ciliary muscle contraction relaxation → → ciliary zonules become convex lens refraction enhanced →
2)视远：睫状肌舒张→睫状小带拉紧→晶状体变薄→折光减弱 2) as far: the ciliary muscle relaxation of the ciliary small belt tensioner → → → refractive lens thinning weaken
3． 3. 玻璃体 Vitreous body
为无色透明胶状物，是重要的屈光装置。 Transparent colorless gum, is important refractive means.
二、眼副器 Second, the eye is deputy
（一）眼睑 (A) the eyelid
分为上睑和下睑。 Divided into the upper eyelid and lower eyelid.
（二）结膜 (B) the conjunctiva
分球结膜和睑结膜，二者转折处称结膜穹，闭眼时形成结膜囊。 Sub-bulbar conjunctiva and conjunctiva, conjunctival fornix both said the turning point, the formation of the conjunctiva eyes closed.
（三）泪器 (C) the lacrimal
1． 1. 泪腺：位于眼球外上方，分泌泪液。 Lacrimal gland: located above the outside of the eye, tear secretion.
2． 2. 泪道：包括泪小点、泪囊、鼻泪管。 Lacrimal: including lacrimal point, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct. 鼻泪管开口于下鼻道。 Nasolacrimal duct opening in the inferior meatus.
（四）眼外肌 (D) the extraocular muscles