第二节 Section
消化腺 Digestive gland
一、肝 A liver
（一）形态 (A) Form
肝是最大的消化腺，呈楔形褐红色。 The liver is the largest digestive gland, red brown wedge.
1． 1. 膈面 Diaphragmatic surface
以镰状韧带为界分为左、右两叶。 With sickle ligament for the sector is divided into left and right lobe.
2． 2. 脏面 Dirty face
有两纵一横沟，分为左叶、右叶、方叶和尾状叶。 There are two vertical and one horizontal groove, into the left lobe, the right lobe, side lobe and caudate lobe.
(1)左纵沟：前为肝圆韧带，后为静脉韧带。 (1) The left vertical groove: Before the round ligament of the liver after intravenous ligament.
(2)右纵沟：前为胆囊窝，后有下腔静脉通过。 (2) the right of the vertical groove: Before gallbladder fossa, after the inferior vena cava through.
(3)横沟：又称肝门，是肝左右管、肝固有动脉、肝门静脉、神经、淋巴管等出入的部位。 (3) lateral grooves: also known as porta, liver around the tube, and out of the site of the hepatic artery, portal vein, nerve, lymphatic and so on.
（二）肝的位置 Position (B) liver
肝大部位于右季肋区和腹上区，少部分位于左季肋区。 Most of the liver in the right upper abdomen quarter rib area and the area, a small part in the left quarter rib area.
1． 1. 肝上界 The upper bound of the liver
与膈穹隆一致。 Consistent with the diaphragm dome.
2． 2. 肝下界 Liver lower bound
右侧与右肋弓基本一致，剑突下可达3~5cm，平静呼吸时上下共有2~3cm的移动度。 Consistent with the right costal arch to the right, up to 3 ~ 5cm xiphoid, down a total of 2 ~ 3cm mobility during quiet breathing.
（三）胆囊和胆道 (C) of the gallbladder and biliary tract
1． 1. 胆囊 Gallbladder
(1)位置：胆囊位于右季肋区，肝的下方胆囊窝内。 (1) Location: Located right quarter rib area of the gallbladder, the gallbladder fossa beneath the liver.
(2)形态分部：似梨形。 (2) Form Division: like a pear-shaped. 分为胆囊底、胆囊体、胆囊颈、胆囊管四部。 Into the bottom of the gallbladder, gallbladder body, the neck of the gallbladder, cystic duct four.
(3)主要功能：暂时储存和浓缩胆汁。 (3) The main function: to temporarily store and concentrate bile.
(4)胆囊底的体表投影：右锁骨中线与右肋弓交点稍下方。 (4) the end of the surface projection of the gallbladder: right clavicular line and slightly below the right costal arch intersection.
胆囊位置分部及胆囊底的体表投影 Location Division gallbladder and gallbladder bottom surface projection
胆囊似梨形 Like pear-shaped gallbladder
位于右肋中 Located in the costal
胆囊窝内藏 Built gallbladder fossa
底体接管颈 Bottom body to take over the neck
右锁交肋弓 Right lock cross Legong
胆囊底投影 Gallbladder end projection
结石或炎症 Stones or inflammation
此处有压痛 Here tenderness
2． 2. 胆道 Biliary
是将胆汁输送至十二指肠的管道。 Is delivered to the duodenum of the bile duct.
(1)胆汁产生部位：肝细胞 (1) bile produced parts: liver cells
(2)胆汁排泄途径见表3-1： (2) biliary excretion pathway Table 3-1:
表3-1 Table 3-1
胆汁排泄途径 Biliary excretion pathway
肝细胞→肝内胆管→肝左右管→肝总管→胆总管→十二指肠大乳头→十二指肠腔 Liver and intrahepatic bile duct cells → → → left and right hepatic duct hepatic bile duct → → → duodenal lumen duodenal papilla
↑↓ ↑ ↓
胆囊 Gallbladder
胆汁排泄途径 Biliary excretion pathway
胞内左右 About intracellular
总总大头 Total overall bulk
一总入囊 A total into the pocket
二总入腔 The total into two chambers
注：胞 — 肝细胞 Note: Cellular - hepatocytes
内 — 肝内胆管 Within - intrahepatic
左右 — 肝左右管 Left - left and right hepatic duct
总(一总) — 肝总管 Total (a total) - hepatic duct
总(二总) — 胆总管 Total (two total) - the common bile duct
大头 — 十二指肠大乳头 Big Head - big duodenal papilla
囊 — 胆囊 Bag - Gallbladder
腔 — 十二指肠腔 Cavity - Cavity duodenum
二、胰 Second, the pancreas
（一）位置 (A) Location
胰位于胃的后方，相当于1、2腰椎水平。 Pancreas is located behind the stomach, the equivalent of 1,2 lumbar level.
（二）分部 (B) Division
胰分三部：胰头、胰体、胰尾。 Pancreatic three points: the head of pancreas, pancreatic body and tail of the pancreas. 胰头被十二指肠环抱。 Pancreatic head surrounded by the duodenum.
（三）构造 (C) construction
1． 1. 外分泌部 Exocrine
分泌胰液，由胰管开口于十二指肠。 Pancreatic secretion by pancreatic duct opening in the duodenum.
2． 2. 内分泌部 Department of Endocrinology
分泌胰岛素，调节血糖。 Insulin secretion, regulation of blood sugar.
胰的位置、分部、构造 Pancreatic position, divisions, construction
胰在胃后一二间 Pancreas in the stomach after a two room
头周包绕十二环 Head circumference surrounding the twelve-ring
胰体胰尾向左伸 Stretch the left tail of the pancreas pancreatic body
分泌胰液入胰管 Secretion of pancreatic juice into the pancreatic duct
内分泌部称胰岛 Endocrine islet called
控制血糖不简单 Glycemic control is not simple