Liaoning Province

Geography

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    This province terrain is complex, west is the mountainous region, middle is the plain, eastern part is the Liaodong Peninsula. West mountainous region including Wu Lvshan vertical stroke Lu Hushan and so on, moreover also has the Liaoxi knoll. Middle is the liaohe plain, is a northeast plain part. In the eastern part Liaodong Peninsula mainly is the Liaodong knoll and the Changbaishang mountain arteries continues the part and other arteries Qian mountain's south. The Liaohe River is this province most greatly most main rivers. In addition also has Hunhe River, Taizi river, the Yalu River, Linhe, Fuzhou River and so on.

    Liaoning belongs to the temperate zone - warm temperate zone, the moist - half moist monsoon climate. Winter long cold, summer short burning hot, the few rain multi- winds, the autumn short is spring sunny. Annual mean temperature approximately in 4 ℃ - 10 ℃ between; The precipitation mainly concentrates in May - in September, to northwest presents by the southeast reduces the tendency, the annual mean precipitation 400 - 1,200 millimeters.

    Liaoning Province total population 42.03 million. Is the province which lives together by the Han Nationality primarily multi- nationalities. The national minority mainly has fully, returns to, North Korea, Mongolia, the Siberia and so on. Localin 2002 the population birth rate is 7.38 ‰, the mortality rate 6.04 ‰, the natural rate of growth is 1.34 ‰.

    The Liaoning history is glorious, as early as in three, 400,000 year ago, then has the ancient humanity to live the multiplication in the Liaohe River basin. Area the Spring and Autumn Period time Jinzhou is equipped with the feudal lord small country slaughter river; When Warring States Liaoning Province is the swallow country, Qin sets at county and so on Liaodong, Liaoxi, the Chinese is You state, is distant, east the metal, on and center Beijing, the Yuan sets at Liaoyang 行省, clear initially set at abundant Beijing, the end of the Qing changes the Fengtian province, Republic of China changes Liaoning Province.

    Moves westward the festival to move westward the festival is the Siberia clansman grandest holiday. Lunar calendar on April 18, they all must hold the grand holiday temple fair every year to commemorate the magnificent feat which more than 220 years ago the Siberia clansman moves westward.
Moves westward successively the date, lives can from gather in front of the Shenyang emperor temple in Liaoning's Siberia clansman in front of the family temple peaceful temple to hold the temple fair in all directions. The temple fair content including kills the pig to offer a sacrifice to the temple and the sacrificial offering ancestor and so on. After offers a sacrifice to the temple, must hold the theatrical festival and the archery, the wrestling and so on the varied and colourful recreational activity, the scene is extremely lively.

Discredits the festival every year the lunar calendar first lunar month 16 is the Xibe national minority discredits the festival, this also is their important traditional holiday. Whenever this is not bright daily, the people then bring on to prepare to wipe the black cloth, door to door strings together the household, does not divide the old and young to discredit toward the face on, is extremely interesting.
It is said same day patrolled the deity once 告谕 everybody, the person ate the wheat flour dog to feed the wheat bran. But has a year spring, a young wife ironed has stuck the yeast pancake to feed the dog. This was is afterwards patrolled the deity to know, he flew into a rage, Shi Fajiang all wheat all turned the black ear. The entire village person then gathers in a stretch of square apologizes to the deity, in order to express own sincere intention, the people spread in abundance the face the black. The deity finally moves by the Siberia clansman, has taken back the magic arts. But every time meets in first lunar month on 16, it also must get down does an inspection. Therefore whenever this day, the Siberia person then spreads the face black, by to the deity expressed forever will remember this lesson. This is groping the festival origin.

     Richly colorful Manchu nationality custom: The Manchu nationality is a nationality which ì□íH the person developed by the ancient times comes. Enters before 清军 closes, they always live in our country northeast area, has been hunting the primarily life. Therefore, in Manchu nationality's custom has the very deep hunting nationality vestige. The Liaodong area is the Manchu nationality people mainly lives together one of places, here Manchu nationality custom especially is thick. Traditional ritual vulgar:
     Please 安礼: Pays respects is the younger generation to elder's regards, usually must assist by the certain posture, and please 安礼. In the Manchu nationality people, the men and women have differently pay respects the method. The man asks Da'an for the higher authority or revering to call "to hit thousand sons", also first brushes off 箭袖, the sleeve 头伏 under, the left knee 前屈, after the right leg is curved, and the upper body slightly bends down to front leans, the left hand next to the skin, the right hand sagging, forms the movement which one kind partly squats, simultaneously in the mouth sings: "Asks someone the adult to be peaceful." But the woman is the double leg parallel stands in the same situation, two hand-held knees as soon as bend the waist, the knee slightly bends like partly squats the shape, namely "innumerable blessings." In former days family of the aristocrat, the younger generation every day had to pay respects to the elder, is called "decides the province".
    抱腰 ritual: This is after the time family member long separation meets, the distinguished guest approaches, or important diplomatic situation line of big ritual. Its method is salute the person right leg to rush ahead a step, two open, the left knee, both hands are grasping the accepting gifts waist, the specific use gently go against under the accepting gifts chest. Accepting gifts then bends the waist slightly, with double handles gently caresses salutes person's head and the back. Because this is the big ritual, therefore must obtain the elder or revering signals by nodding can salute. Between the person of the same generation is each other hugs, holds the hand to send respects, not good big ritual.
    Head ritual: The old age husbands and wives meet again after a long separation often a line of this ritual. Sends the law is the wife has a specific use withstands the husband chest, the husband then lightly caresses wife's 后背 or the forehead.
    Scratches the shoulder ritual: The person of the same generation inferred that, after mutually "hits thousand", mutually bumps the double shoulder, indicated is intimate with courtesy.
    Pulls the ritual: When the Manchu nationality women infer, if is the person of the same generation, mutually pulls both hands to give regards, is called "pulls the ritual".
Now, the Manchu nationality person's courtesy already greatly is the simplification, many old times rituals vulgar all abolish do not use. But these rituals vulgar already became the Manchu nationality history a part, understood not only is extremely interesting, also had the necessity very much.
    Still white custom: The advocation white is a Manchu nationality person major characteristic. They like putting on the white clothes, all extremely likes to the pure white goods or the white animal, even also has pastes the white antithetical couplet. This kind of custom and the Han Nationality people have formed the sharp contrast. The Han Nationality people often like red, taboo white. But the Manchu nationality people take Bai asmei, take red as are inexpensive, they conduct a funeral procession when must decorate with red streamers the streamer. About the Manchu nationality Shang Bai custom, once has had the many kinds of explanations. Some historical records record, please too ancestor Nurhachu and the whole body of ministers discussed when dynasty name, thought the platinum is not easy to deteriorate, will be allowed forever to guarantee the glory, therefore will decide dynasty name Jin dynasty. But the platinum was a white, therefore the Manchu nationality people still were white. Also some people thought Manchu nationality person Shang Bai was because they originated to "the Mount Changbaishan" between, here winter frequently was the world of ice and snow, but put on the white clothes hunting not easily to discover by the wild animal, gradually has then formed the dialogue awe. Also some people thought Manchu nationality person Shang Bai was the awe which stemmed from adds water.
    Respects the dog custom: In the Manchu nationality people generally has the respect dog the custom. They regard as the dog the saint, does not wear the dog skin hat, does not spread the dog skin mattress, does not have to kill the dog or to eat 狗肉. Every raises dog's others, all extremely dotes on to the dog, feeds with all one's heart. After the dog has been old, also is not willing to get rid, but is "takes care of parents" for it.
This kind of respect dog custom production, is because the Manchu nationality person's ancestor take hunts as the main economic activity, the dog has the important status in the daily production and the life. They not only may help the master to seek the game, to pursue the pheasant hare, but also may give self up to the savior in the critical moment. But in usually, the dog also may help the master 看家护院, pulls sledge and so on. Because the dog has many uses, they became the Manchu nationality people to live the indispensable animal, gradually, between the person and the dog established the good relations, this kind of relations continuously maintained, then has formed the Manchu nationality person's respect dog custom.
    Crow worship: The crow in the Han Nationality person eye often is not the propitious symbol, but the Manchu nationality people actually regard as the crow the phoenix, everywhere receives consecrates with the protection. When at holidays with sacrificial offering ancestor, each family all must set up a 索伦 pole in the courtyard, the crown lay aside circle discoid tin to fight, inside is abundant is cutting to pieces 猪肠, the pig tripe and the rice grain, lets the crow eat. In the Shenyang Imperial Palace until now also is setting up a such 索伦 pole. The Manchu nationality person's crow worship source therefore struggles to a crow savior. Fable, very before long time, the Manchu nationality person's ancestor 布库 in harmony along has encountered the hostile tribe's pursuit. He ran in a 无处藏身 wilderness. The critical time, did not know flies crowd of crows from there, fell has filled 布库 in Yong Shun whole body. When the enemy pursues at the appointed time, thought is a dry wooden stake, pursues to other place. 布枯 in harmony along therefore is saved. From then on, the Manchu nationality people on regarded as the crow are their nationality's protection god.

The warm bold Manchu nationality dances:
The Manchu nationality also is a nationality which cans sing and dance well. In the past, every time met big celebration, they all wanted the dance to add to the fun. The Manchu nationality person's dance style with theirs production, the life close correlation, by warm boldly grows perceptibly, has the intense folk custom style. Has representatively has following several kinds:
     Python type dance this is Qing Dynasty in the folk most popular one kind of dance. Its essential feature is "lifts one to the volume, a counter- sleeve to the back, circles strikes an attitude or a posture". The movement main performance is weaves a fishing net goes to sea, to ride shoots goes hunting and so on the production activity. When to end of the Qing, the python type dance development is nine folds 18 types. Nine booklets refer to nine groups of dances movements, is in turn: Gets up the type, the pendulum water, threads a needle, to be propitious, the single speeding horse, the double speeding horse, the strange python leaves the hole, the size 盘龙 and greatly mediates. 18 types are refer to 18 dances postures: The hand, the foot, the waist, shoulder each three types, transfer, fly, walk each two types. Every time brings forth in the family reunion banquet, the male and female two people dance lightly, the periphery person claps the hands to sing drinks, the scene is extremely lively.
    Celebrates prosperous dance this is the Qing Dynasty palace dance. Its specification generally for the accompaniment 66 people, wears 石青 the long-lived character gown leopard 皮褂; Accompanies 13 people, puts on 蟒袍 the leopard 皮褂; The dance 58 people, put on the yellow picture 皮套, the black sheep 皮套, the court dress and so on. Celebrates the prosperous dance basic posture and the formation and the python type dance extremely approaches, only is the imposing manner is greater, rhythm stronger row.
Strainer paternal aunt dances this is the Manchu nationality person when the Spring Festival or the festival of lanterns jumps dance. So-called strainer paternal aunt is refers to the head hairpin color which grips with the willow branch to be colored, the body drapes a red band the lined jacket, take strainer as headdress woman picture. Dances the person grasps "strainer paternal aunt" the dance, the periphery person also sings while dances, the scene relaxed is lively.
    Yangko dance this is the Manchu nationality populace in the first lunar month period jubilation dance, the popular name "turns up the Yangko". Generally all is composed a row by certain people, in front of the team has a person to grasp "the flowered stick" to guide, then is the ghost male group leader, behind with Tang Seng, Sun Wukong, pig 八戒 and all that team members. The accompaniment person hits the percussion instrument, plays the suona, all team member turns the Yangko, is extremely lively.

    Xibe national minority custom:   

    Consecrates "happy benefits mother" to consecrate "happy benefits mother" is a Siberia clansman important custom. Every time meets in the first lunar month first day date, the Xibe national minority each family all must hold consecrates "happy benefits mother" the ceremony, the ball she blesses the family member safely, is happy.
"The happy advantage" is the Siberia language "the department" the meaning, "happy benefits mother" also is "lineage mother", "descendants mother". Consecrates "happy benefits mother" first must have the memorial tablet, the memorial tablet generally in 堂房on the northwest corner. In addition also has more than two ten feet long silk bolting spring, above is the small arrow, the small shoes, 箭袋, thing and so on copper cash, cloth strip, wooden spade, wooden fork, towel, this is "happy benefits mother" the symbol. The above small arrow represents the boy, the cloth strip represents the girl, the copper cash represents happiness, other thing also respectively have each meaning. Whenever after lunar calendar in December but on 13th eliminates, in family's old paternal grandmothers all must increase descendants' symbol 11 are "happy benefit mother" on, then hangs it according to the southeast - northwest direction in the room performs to consecrate, in will load in the future the paper bag to February second day, will hang the original position.
"Happy benefits mother" since the Siberia person to long for the descendants multiply symbol, also is the family lineage genealogy. In the Siberia will of the people, she forever is the happy propitious symbol.

    "In first lunar month first day the number Luo Chinese" is in the Qian mountain area popular one kind of folk custom.
In the past, every time met lunar calendar in first lunar month first day this day, the people which under Qian mountain lived then in groups goes on a pilgrimage to the mountain in temple, simultaneously to 大雄宝殿the number Luo Chinese, according to counted the Luo Han's manner to practice divination the good and bad fortune and the forecast luck quality.
大雄宝殿usually for has 18 Luo Han. The number Luo Han's person if is the left leg advanced gate, from left to right counts; If is 右脚 the advanced gate, from right to left counts. If the number person age is lower than 18 years old, number to and age numeral same Luo Chinese up to; If the age is higher than 18 years old, then after counts first turn, again counts from the beginning, until number to age number. If the number arrives is the superior tiger Luo Chinese, indicates you next year the health; If the number arrives is the length eyebrow Luo Chinese, meant you long life. In the past, area Qian mountain's people once logarithm Luo Han believed in firmly. Now, the people perhaps already not that were reverent, but still regarded it was a pile happy event. Therefore, counts the Luo Han's custom continuously to spread down.

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    Liaoning transportation developed, the infrastructure is perfect. Railway network crowded, the railroad transport business course is long, the main track line has the Beijing Kazak, Shen Ji, Shen Dan, line and so on Shen Da. The road take Shenyang, the Jinzhou as a center, realized the major part villages and towns to pass the road. The inland river shipping mainly is the Liaohe River, the Yalu River partial sections of river may the seasonal characteristic be open to navigation. Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea coast Dalian, Dandong, the Yingkou are the important marine transportation harbor. The aviation take Shenyang and Dalian as a center, may lead to the national more than 50 cities.

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