A ``theory'' in Logic is decidable if there is an Algorithm that will decide on input whether or not is a Sentence true of the Field of Real Numbers .
See also Church's Thesis, Gödel's Completeness Theorem, Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem, Kreisel Conjecture, Tarski's Theorem, Undecidable, Universal Statement
References
Kemeny, J. G. ``Undecidable Problems of Elementary Number Theory.'' Math. Ann. 135, 160-169, 1958.