If all elements of an Irreducible Matrix
are Nonnegative, then
is an
Eigenvalue of
and all the Eigenvalues of
lie on the Disk
See also Wielandt's Theorem
References
Gradshteyn, I. S. and Ryzhik, I. M. Tables of Integrals, Series, and Products, 5th ed. San Diego, CA:
Academic Press, p. 1121, 1979.