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The Minimum excluded value. The mex of a Set 
of Nonnegative Integers is the
least Nonnegative Integer not in the set.
See also Mex Sequence
References
Guy, R. K. ``Max and Mex Sequences.'' §E27 in Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, 2nd ed.
New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 227-228, 1994.