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If all the diagonals (including those obtained by ``wrapping around'' the edges) of a Magic Square, as well as the
usual rows, columns, and main diagonals sum to the Magic Constant, the square is said to be a Panmagic
Square (also called Diabolical Square, Nasik Square, or Pandiagonal Square). No panmagic squares
exist of order 3 or any order for
an Integer. The Siamese method for generating
Magic Squares produces panmagic squares for orders
with ordinary vector (2, 1) and break
vector (1,
).
The Lo Shu is not panmagic, but it is an Associative Magic Square. Order four squares can be panmagic or Associative, but not both. Order five squares are the smallest which can be both Associative and panmagic, and 16 distinct Associative panmagic squares exist, one of which is illustrated above (Gardner 1988).
The number of distinct panmagic squares of order 1, 2, ... are 1, 0, 0, 384, 3600, 0, ... (Sloane's A027567, Hunter and Madachy 1975). Panmagic squares are related to Hypercubes.
See also Associative Magic Square, Hypercube, Franklin Magic Square, Magic Square
References
Gardner, M. The Second Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles & Diversions: A New Selection.
New York: Simon and Schuster, pp. 135-137, 1961.
Gardner, M. ``Magic Squares and Cubes.'' Ch. 17 in Time Travel and Other Mathematical Bewilderments.
New York: W. H. Freeman, pp. 213-225, 1988.
Hunter, J. A. H. and Madachy, J. S. ``Mystic Arrays.'' Ch. 3 in Mathematical Diversions. New York: Dover,
pp. 24-25, 1975.
Kraitchik, M. ``Panmagic Squares.'' §7.9 in
Mathematical Recreations. New York: W. W. Norton, pp. 174-176, 1942.
Madachy, J. S. Madachy's Mathematical Recreations. New York: Dover, p. 87, 1979.
Rosser, J. B. and Walker, R. J. ``The Algebraic Theory of Diabolical Squares.'' Duke Math. J. 5, 705-728, 1939.
Sloane, N. J. A. Sequence
A027567
in ``The On-Line Version of the Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.''
http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/eisonline.html.
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© 1996-9 Eric W. Weisstein